Tense And Aspect - 4

Tense And Aspect - 4

Tense & Aspect List - | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |

Exercises - I

1 . John (construct) ______ three apartments in this part of the town in 1990.

2. By the time the project completed she (know) _______ intricacies of it.

3. All of a sudden, Ram understood that he (lose) ______ his valet.

4. (you see) _______ Mary in the meeting last week?

5. Rani said that she (write) _______ three exams.

6. Peter’s uncle (not want) ______to stay at the flat the entire day
.
7. The workers were dog-tired as they (work) ______ continuously a week without a holiday. 

8. The insurance company (extend) _______ her assistance for her new house.

9. The boys told their teacher all what they (do) ________ the night before.

10. The two unemployed youth (get) ________ an opportunity in their desired media yesterday.

11 .Martin said that he (never be) ______ so delighted.

12. I wanted to purchase this painting but the shop-keeper (already sell) _______it to another.

13. Mary (see) _________ John at the university last week.

14. How many years (you study) _________ English when you applied for that job?

15. I (can’t paint) ________ when I was a child.

16. When I went to the concert the programme (already begin) _________.

17. After a heated argument with her brother Sharon (forget) _________ to post the letter.

18. I didn't go to the marriage because nobody (tell) __________ me about it.

19. She asked him if he (ever swim) __________ in the ocean.

20. The boy said: '' he (sleep) __________ until his mom came''.


Answers 
1 . built 2. had known / knew 3. lost 4. did you 5. had written / wrote
6. did not want 7. worked 8. has extended 9. did 10. found 11 . was never
12. had already lent 13. saw 14. did you study 15. could not paint
16. had already begun 17. forgot 18. told 19. had ever swum 20. slept

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Tense And Aspect - 3

Tense And Aspect - 3

Tense & Aspect List - | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |

3 The Future Tense:

3.1 The Simple Future Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb (V1 ) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Will & Shall (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will
 I, We -------- Shall)

Usage in sentences:
1 . She will finish it tomorrow.
2. I shall purchase a T.V. next week.
3. Will she finish it tomorrow?
4. She will not finish it tomorrow
5. Won’t she finish it tomorrow?

Simple future tense refers to actions take place in the future. Generally it is used to refer actions scheduled in the near future. There should be a future reference in this tense. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions are in a year, next, tomorrow.

3.2 The Future Continuous Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Will be & Shall be (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will be
I, We -------- Shall be)

Usage in sentences:
1 . She will be going abroad next year.
2. We shall be celebrating a party tomorrow.
3. Will she be going abroad next year?
4. She will not be going abroad next year.
5. Won’t she be going abroad next year?


Future Continuous tense refers to actions taking place in the future. Generally it is used to refer actions continuing from one time frame to another in the near future. There should be a future reference in this tense. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions are by this time next year, by this time tomorrow.

3.3 The Future Perfect Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb (V3) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Will have & Shall have (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will have
I, We -------- Shall have)

Usage in sentences:
1 . She will have finished her degree by 2012.
2. We shall have done it tomorrow.
3. Will she have finished her degree by 2012?
4. She will not have finished her degree by 2012.
5. Won’t she have finished her degree by 201 2?
Future perfect tense refers to actions that are expected to be finished at some time in the future.

3.4 The Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Will have been & Shall have been (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will have been
I, We -------- Shall have been)

Usage in sentences:
1 . She will have been doing her degree next year.
2. We shall have been traveling by this time tomorrow.
Future perfect continuous tense refers to actions that are expected to be continuing from one time frame to another in the future.

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Tense And Aspect - 2

Tense And Aspect - 2

Tense & Aspect List - | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |

2. The Past Tense

2.1 The Simple Past Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb (V2) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Did (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I, We, You and They-------Did + V1 )

Usage in sentences:
1 . She played yesterday.
2. I drew the picture last week.
3. Did she play yesterday?
4. She did not play yesterday.
5. Didn’t she play yesterday?

Simple past tense refers to actions occurred in the past. A past tense should be used with past time
reference. They are like yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1 950, the other day, last Friday.

2.2 The Past Continuous Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Was & Were (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I ---- Was We, You and They-------Were)

Usage in sentences:
1 . She was typing.
2. They were watching cricket.
3. Was she typing?
4. She was not typing.
5. Wasn’t she typing?

Past continuous tense refers to actions continuing from one period of time to another in the past. Generally it is used to refer two actions in a sequence. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions. They are while, when & as long as.
1. When I entered the room the telephone was ringing.
2. I met with accident while I was walking on the road.


2.3 The Past Perfect Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb (V3) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Had (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I, We, You and They-------Had)

Usage in sentences:
1 . She had finished it. 
2. They had settled the issue.
3. Had she finished it?
4. She had not finished it .
5. Hadn’t she finished it?

Past perfect tense refers to actions took place in the past. Generally it is used to refer two actions in a
sequence. The first happened action in the past should always be in the past perfect and the second
happened action in the past should be in the simple past. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions.
They are already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day.
1. When I entered the hall the programme had already begun.
2.  The train had already left when I reached the station.


2.4 The Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Had been (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I, We, You and They-------Had been)

Usage in sentences:
1 . She had been cleaning it.
2. They had been preparing it.
3. Had she been cleaning it?
4. She had not been cleaning it.
5. Hadn’t she been cleaning it?


Past perfect continuous tense refers to actions took place in the past. Generally it is used to refer two
actions in a sequence. One action in the past should be continuing till another action began. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions. They are when and before.
1. They had been playing before the coach called them.
2. I had been reading the article before my friend invited me for a movie.

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Tense And Aspect - 1

Tense And Aspect - 1

Tense & Aspect List - | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |

Objective:
To improve students’ ability to use and construct error free sentences in spoken and written
English.
The following information gives a bird eye view of all the tenses (i.e. present, past and future) and their use
in different time frames besides some signal words for each tense.


1 . Present Tense:


1 .1 Simple Present Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb 1 + S or ES + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Do& Does (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She & It-------------- Does & I, We, You and They-----------Do)

Two helping verbs Do and Does are used in this tense. Do is used for plural subjects like I (exceptional),
We, You & They. Does is used for singular subjects like He, She & It. If the subject is singular S or ES is added to the verb ending. This rule does not applicable to plural subjects.
1. She sings excellently.
2. They play very well.
There are some adverbs which are often used in this tense. They are always, every, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually.

Simple present tense is used in the following situations:
i. action in the present taking place
ii. facts
iii. actions taking place one after another
iv. action set by a timetable or schedule
v. habitual actions


1 . She reads an article. (Affirmative)
2. Does she read an article? (Interrogative)
3. She does not read an article. (Negative)
4. Doesn’t she read an article? (Negative Interrogative)

1 .2 The Present Continuous / Progressive Tense

Structure: Sub + Verb+ ing form (V4) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Am, Is & Are (to form questions and negative statements)
(I--------------Am,
He, She &It-------------- Is &
We, You and They-----------------Are)

Usage in sentences:
1 . She is reading an article.
2. I am giving a presentation now.
3. Is she reading an article?
4. She is not reading an article.
5. Isn’t she reading an article?

The following categories of verbs are not used in the present continuous/progressive form.
a) Verbs denote likes and dislikes (like, love, hate, adore, hate, dislike, abhor and
detest).
b) Verbs of perception (see, hear, smell, taste and feel)
c) Verbs of cognition (know, understand, comprehend)
d) Verbs of possession (have, possess)

1 )* I am loving classical music (I love classical music)
2)* I am seeing it now (I see it now)
3)* She is understanding it well (She understands it well)
4)* He is having a problem (He has a problem)

1 .3 The Present Perfect Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb (V3) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Has & Have (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She &It-------------- Has & I, We, You and They-------Have)

Usage in sentences:
1 . She has written an article.
2. I have given a presentation just now.
3. Has she written an article?
4. She has not written an article.
5. Hasn’t she reading an article?


Present perfect tense refers to completed actions. They also imply recently finished actions. There are
some adverbs which are often used in this tense. They are already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

1 .4 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object

Helping Verbs Used: Has been & Have been (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She &It-------------- Has been & I, We, You and They-------Have been)

Usage in sentences:
1 . She has been waiting for an hour.
2. I have been speaking since 2pm.
3. Has she been waiting for an hour?
4. She has not been waiting for an hour.
5. Hasn’t she been waiting for an hour?

Present perfect continuous tense refers to actions which started I the past and are continuing till the present and have chance to continue in the future. There are some adverbs which are often used in this tense.
They are -  since and for.
Since refers to point of time (exact time) eg: 1997, January 5th, 2 o Clock, Wednesday.
For implies period of time like two weeks, three hours, fifteen minutes and two years.

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