Showing posts with label grammar. Show all posts
Showing posts with label grammar. Show all posts
6 Words That Can Ruin Your Sentence - 2
Literally
[lit-er-uh-lee]
This adverb should be used to describe an action that occurs in a strict sense. Often, however, it is used inversely to emphasize a hyperbolic or figurative statement: "I literally ran 300 miles today." Literally is one of the most famously used crutch words in English. The next one, however, may surprise you.
_________________________________
literally
ˈlɪt(ə)rəli/
adverb
- in a literal manner or sense; exactly."the driver took it literally when asked to go straight over the roundabout"
synonyms: verbatim, word for word, line for line, letter for letter, to the letter;
- informalused for emphasis while not being literally true."I have received literally thousands of letters"
Tense And Aspect - 4
Tense And Aspect - 4
1 . John (construct) ______ three apartments in this part of the town in 1990.
2. By the time the project completed she (know) _______ intricacies of it.
3. All of a sudden, Ram understood that he (lose) ______ his valet.
4. (you see) _______ Mary in the meeting last week?
5. Rani said that she (write) _______ three exams.
6. Peter’s uncle (not want) ______to stay at the flat the entire day
.
7. The workers were dog-tired as they (work) ______ continuously a week without a holiday.
8. The insurance company (extend) _______ her assistance for her new house.
9. The boys told their teacher all what they (do) ________ the night before.
10. The two unemployed youth (get) ________ an opportunity in their desired media yesterday.
11 .Martin said that he (never be) ______ so delighted.
12. I wanted to purchase this painting but the shop-keeper (already sell) _______it to another.
13. Mary (see) _________ John at the university last week.
14. How many years (you study) _________ English when you applied for that job?
15. I (can’t paint) ________ when I was a child.
16. When I went to the concert the programme (already begin) _________.
17. After a heated argument with her brother Sharon (forget) _________ to post the letter.
18. I didn't go to the marriage because nobody (tell) __________ me about it.
19. She asked him if he (ever swim) __________ in the ocean.
20. The boy said: '' he (sleep) __________ until his mom came''.
Answers
1 . built 2. had known / knew 3. lost 4. did you 5. had written / wrote
6. did not want 7. worked 8. has extended 9. did 10. found 11 . was never
12. had already lent 13. saw 14. did you study 15. could not paint
16. had already begun 17. forgot 18. told 19. had ever swum 20. slept
Tense And Aspect - 3
Tense And Aspect - 3
3 The Future Tense:3.1 The Simple Future Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb (V1 ) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Will & Shall (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will
I, We -------- Shall)
Usage in sentences:
1 . She will finish it tomorrow.
2. I shall purchase a T.V. next week.
3. Will she finish it tomorrow?
4. She will not finish it tomorrow
5. Won’t she finish it tomorrow?
Simple future tense refers to actions take place in the future. Generally it is used to refer actions scheduled in the near future. There should be a future reference in this tense. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions are in a year, next, tomorrow.
3.2 The Future Continuous Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Will be & Shall be (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will be
I, We -------- Shall be)
Usage in sentences:
1 . She will be going abroad next year.
2. We shall be celebrating a party tomorrow.
3. Will she be going abroad next year?
4. She will not be going abroad next year.
5. Won’t she be going abroad next year?
Future Continuous tense refers to actions taking place in the future. Generally it is used to refer actions continuing from one time frame to another in the near future. There should be a future reference in this tense. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions are by this time next year, by this time tomorrow.
3.3 The Future Perfect Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb (V3) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Will have & Shall have (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will have
I, We -------- Shall have)
Usage in sentences:
1 . She will have finished her degree by 2012.
2. We shall have done it tomorrow.
3. Will she have finished her degree by 2012?
4. She will not have finished her degree by 2012.
5. Won’t she have finished her degree by 201 2?
Future perfect tense refers to actions that are expected to be finished at some time in the future.
3.4 The Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Will have been & Shall have been (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will have been
I, We -------- Shall have been)
Usage in sentences:
1 . She will have been doing her degree next year.
2. We shall have been traveling by this time tomorrow.
Future perfect continuous tense refers to actions that are expected to be continuing from one time frame to another in the future.
Tense And Aspect - 2
Tense And Aspect - 2
2. The Past Tense2.1 The Simple Past Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb (V2) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Did (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I, We, You and They-------Did + V1 )
Usage in sentences:
1 . She played yesterday.
2. I drew the picture last week.
3. Did she play yesterday?
4. She did not play yesterday.
5. Didn’t she play yesterday?
Simple past tense refers to actions occurred in the past. A past tense should be used with past time
reference. They are like yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1 950, the other day, last Friday.
2.2 The Past Continuous Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Was & Were (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I ---- Was We, You and They-------Were)
Usage in sentences:
1 . She was typing.
2. They were watching cricket.
3. Was she typing?
4. She was not typing.
5. Wasn’t she typing?
Past continuous tense refers to actions continuing from one period of time to another in the past. Generally it is used to refer two actions in a sequence. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions. They are while, when & as long as.
1. When I entered the room the telephone was ringing.
2. I met with accident while I was walking on the road.
2.3 The Past Perfect Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb (V3) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Had (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I, We, You and They-------Had)
Usage in sentences:
1 . She had finished it.
2. They had settled the issue.
3. Had she finished it?
4. She had not finished it .
5. Hadn’t she finished it?
Past perfect tense refers to actions took place in the past. Generally it is used to refer two actions in a
sequence. The first happened action in the past should always be in the past perfect and the second
happened action in the past should be in the simple past. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions.
They are already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day.
1. When I entered the hall the programme had already begun.
2. The train had already left when I reached the station.
2.4 The Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Had been (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I, We, You and They-------Had been)
Usage in sentences:
1 . She had been cleaning it.
2. They had been preparing it.
3. Had she been cleaning it?
4. She had not been cleaning it.
5. Hadn’t she been cleaning it?
Past perfect continuous tense refers to actions took place in the past. Generally it is used to refer two
actions in a sequence. One action in the past should be continuing till another action began. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions. They are when and before.
1. They had been playing before the coach called them.
2. I had been reading the article before my friend invited me for a movie.
Tense And Aspect - 1
Tense And Aspect - 1
Objective:To improve students’ ability to use and construct error free sentences in spoken and written
English.
The following information gives a bird eye view of all the tenses (i.e. present, past and future) and their use
in different time frames besides some signal words for each tense.
1 . Present Tense:
1 .1 Simple Present Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb 1 + S or ES + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Do& Does (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She & It-------------- Does & I, We, You and They-----------Do)
Two helping verbs Do and Does are used in this tense. Do is used for plural subjects like I (exceptional),
We, You & They. Does is used for singular subjects like He, She & It. If the subject is singular S or ES is added to the verb ending. This rule does not applicable to plural subjects.
1. She sings excellently.
2. They play very well.
There are some adverbs which are often used in this tense. They are always, every, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually.
Simple present tense is used in the following situations:
i. action in the present taking place
ii. facts
iii. actions taking place one after another
iv. action set by a timetable or schedule
v. habitual actions
1 . She reads an article. (Affirmative)
2. Does she read an article? (Interrogative)
3. She does not read an article. (Negative)
4. Doesn’t she read an article? (Negative Interrogative)
1 .2 The Present Continuous / Progressive Tense
Structure: Sub + Verb+ ing form (V4) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Am, Is & Are (to form questions and negative statements)
(I--------------Am,
He, She &It-------------- Is &
We, You and They-----------------Are)
Usage in sentences:
1 . She is reading an article.
2. I am giving a presentation now.
3. Is she reading an article?
4. She is not reading an article.
5. Isn’t she reading an article?
The following categories of verbs are not used in the present continuous/progressive form.
a) Verbs denote likes and dislikes (like, love, hate, adore, hate, dislike, abhor and
detest).
b) Verbs of perception (see, hear, smell, taste and feel)
c) Verbs of cognition (know, understand, comprehend)
d) Verbs of possession (have, possess)
1 )* I am loving classical music (I love classical music)
2)* I am seeing it now (I see it now)
3)* She is understanding it well (She understands it well)
4)* He is having a problem (He has a problem)
1 .3 The Present Perfect Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb (V3) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Has & Have (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She &It-------------- Has & I, We, You and They-------Have)
Usage in sentences:
1 . She has written an article.
2. I have given a presentation just now.
3. Has she written an article?
4. She has not written an article.
5. Hasn’t she reading an article?
Present perfect tense refers to completed actions. They also imply recently finished actions. There are
some adverbs which are often used in this tense. They are already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
1 .4 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Has been & Have been (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She &It-------------- Has been & I, We, You and They-------Have been)
Usage in sentences:
1 . She has been waiting for an hour.
2. I have been speaking since 2pm.
3. Has she been waiting for an hour?
4. She has not been waiting for an hour.
5. Hasn’t she been waiting for an hour?
Present perfect continuous tense refers to actions which started I the past and are continuing till the present and have chance to continue in the future. There are some adverbs which are often used in this tense.
They are - since and for.
Since refers to point of time (exact time) eg: 1997, January 5th, 2 o Clock, Wednesday.
For implies period of time like two weeks, three hours, fifteen minutes and two years.
Prepositions - 2
PREPOSITION - 2
Multiple Choice Questions on Prepositions
EXERCISES ON PREPOSITIONS
1 ) _____ the two brothers Peter is the better painter.
a. In
b. Among
c. Between
2) They left in midnight ____ their village.
a. at
b. to
c. near
d. in
3) Why did she give it _____ you?
a. in
b. at
c. on
d. to
4) Mary has been living in Hyderabad ___ten years.
a. in
b. since
c. for
d. at
5) The girl sat down ___ the lake.
a.beside
b. at
c. besides
d. on
6) Put the book ____ the table.
a.in
b. at
c. on
d. to
7) Do not interfere __ my personal affairs.
a.at
b. on
c. to
d. in
8) I drove _____ Seattle last weekend.
a. in
b. at
c. to
d. on
9 ) We insisted __ going for walk.
a. in
b. at
c. on
d.by
10) The Mega Mall is _____ the building, isn't it?
aon
b. at
c. on
d. to
11 ) The woman __ the car was my sister.
a. in
b. at
c. on
d. to
12) The old building was deserted __ pigeons and mice.
ain
b. of
c. on
d. to
1 ) _____ the two brothers Peter is the better painter.
a. In
b. Among
c. Between
2) They left in midnight ____ their village.
a. at
b. to
c. near
d. in
3) Why did she give it _____ you?
a. in
b. at
c. on
d. to
4) Mary has been living in Hyderabad ___ten years.
a. in
b. since
c. for
d. at
5) The girl sat down ___ the lake.
a.beside
b. at
c. besides
d. on
6) Put the book ____ the table.
a.in
b. at
c. on
d. to
7) Do not interfere __ my personal affairs.
a.at
b. on
c. to
d. in
8) I drove _____ Seattle last weekend.
a. in
b. at
c. to
d. on
9 ) We insisted __ going for walk.
a. in
b. at
c. on
d.by
10) The Mega Mall is _____ the building, isn't it?
aon
b. at
c. on
d. to
11 ) The woman __ the car was my sister.
a. in
b. at
c. on
d. to
12) The old building was deserted __ pigeons and mice.
ain
b. of
c. on
d. to
13) I met my old classmate _____ the university.
a.in
b. at
c. on
d. to
a.in
b. at
c. on
d. to
14) The baby slept peacefully ________ the telephone ring;
a. at
b.inspite of
c. with
d. on
b.inspite of
c. with
d. on
15) They are sorry _______ having teased you.
a. on
b. in
c. with
d. for
16) The clients of the lawyer were happy _____ his work.
a. with
b. for
c. on
d.. in
17) They could swim _________ the river when they were young.
a. in
b. on
c.across
d. into
18) His allegation was based _____ the incident he witnessed.
a. with
b. for
c. on
d. in
19) The company formed new rules which are acceptable _____ all workers.
a. to
b. for
c. on
d. in
20) Did you read my article ______ Cellular Micro Biology?
a. with
b. for
c. on
d. in
ANSWERS
1 .c 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.a 6.c 7.d 8.c 9.a 1 0.c 1 1 .a 1 2.b 1 3.a 1 4.b 1 5.d 1 6.a 1 7.c 1 8.c 1 9.a 20.c
COLLOCATIONS - 15
COLLOCATIONS - 15
కొన్ని పదాలు కొన్నిటితో కలిసివస్తేనే అర్థస్ఫూర్తి కలుగుతుంది. చెప్పదలిచిన భావం స్పష్టంగా, పదునుగా అవతలి వ్యక్తికి చేరుతుంది. ఏ పదం దేనితో collocate అవుతుందో గ్రహించి, వాటిని అదేవిధంగా వాడటం విద్యార్థుల భాషాజ్ఞానాన్ని మెరుగుపరుస్తుంది.Ranjit: Why do you reject my proposal out of hand? Why don't you give some consideration to it? నా ప్రతిపాదనను ఏం ఆలోచించకుండానే ఎందుకు కాదంటావు? దానికెందుకు కాస్త పరిగణన ఇవ్వవు?
Balaji: Far from it. It's only after due consideration, I've come to the conclusion that your plan won't work. I suggest that you take a fresh look at it, and think of an alternative. అదేం లేదు. బాగా పరిశీలించిన తర్వాతనే నీ ప్రణాళిక పని చేయదనే నిర్ధారణకొచ్చాను. నా సూచనేంటంటే దాన్ని మరోసారి పరిశీలించి ప్రత్యామ్నాయం ఉంటుందేమో చూడు.
Ranjit: You'd better know that it is not just my plan. In fact the MD unveiled the plan in the board meeting last week. అది నా ప్రణాళిక అని మాత్రమే అనుకోకు దాన్ని నువ్వు. అసలది మన Managing Director గత వారం బోర్డు సమావేశంలో ఆవిష్కరించారు.
Balaji: And perhaps he asked you to drum up support for it, didn't he? Nothing escapes my notice. ఆయన నిన్ను దానికి మద్దతు కూడగట్టమని చెప్పాడు కదా? నా దృష్టి/ఆలోచన నుంచి ఏదీ తప్పించుకోలేదు.
Ranjit: Perhaps so. But still you take a second look at it, and let me know by tomorrow evening. The plan, in my opinion is the best in the circumstances. If by a stroke of luck the plan works, the company will make a huge fortune, and we will benefit too. అవచ్చు. మళ్లీ నువ్వది ఇంకోసారి ఆలోచించి రేపు సాయంత్రం నాకు చెప్పు. ప్రస్తుత పరిస్థితిలో ఇది అత్యుత్తమ పథకం. అదృష్టవశాత్తూ అది పనిచేసిందా కంపెనీకి బాగా లాభాలు వస్తాయి. మనమూ లాభపడ్తాం.
Balaji: If you can allow me to make slight alterations in the plan, I don't mind passing it. ఆ ప్రణాళికలో కొద్దిపాటి మార్పులకు అనుమతిస్తే దాన్ని ఆమోదించేందుకు అభ్యంతరం లేదు.
Now look at the following sentences from the dialogue above.
1) .... reject my proposal out of hand
2) ... take a fresh look at something a second look at something
3) ... drawn up support
1) Reject my proposal out of hand
Reject అంటే తెలుసు కదా? తోసిపుచ్చటం.
Reject a proposal out of hand= ఏమాత్రం ఆలోచించకుండా తోసి పుచ్చటం లేదా కొట్టిపారేయటం.
Rejectచాలామటుకు ' out of hand' తో collocateఅవుతుంటుంది.
a) Eswar: Tarun doesn't think at all. He thinks he alone is right. (తరుణ్ అసలు ఆలోచించడు. తనొక్కడే ఎప్పుడూ సరి అనుకుంటాడు.
Ganesh: What's happened now? (ఇప్పుడేం జరిగింది?)
Eswar: I proposed that we expand our business. He dismissed it out of hand(మన వ్యాపారం విస్తరిద్దామని ప్రతిపాదించాను. ఆలోచనా పాలోచనా లేకుండానే తిరస్కరించాడు.)
b) Gangadhar: How is Hemanth's condition now? (హేమంత్ పరిస్థితి ఎలా ఉంది?)
Hanuman: Getting worse by the day. I suggested Homeopathy. He refused it out of hand. (రోజురోజుకూ క్షీణిస్తోంది. నేను హోమియోమందు వాడమన్నాను. అసలేం ఆలోచించకుండా దాన్ని కాదన్నాడు.)
చూశాం కదా, out of hand, reject, dismiss, refuse తో collocateఅవుతుంది.
Don't reject anything out of hand. Think well before you do it. దేన్నీ అనాలోచితంగా తృణీకరించవద్దు. అది చేసేముందు బాగా ఆలోచించు.
2) Take a fresh look at something =దేన్నైనా కొత్తగా ఆలోచించటం.
fresh look=నూతన ఆలోచనాసరళి లేదా కొత్తగా ఆలోచించటం.
ఇది takeతో collocateఅవుతుంది.
a) Indeevar: I don't find any good in your advice (నీ సలహాలో నాకేం మంచి కన్పించడం లేదు)
Jairam: Then why ask for my advice? You take a fresh look at it and decide for yourself. (అలాంటప్పుడు నా సలహా ఎందుకడగటం? నువ్వే మరోసారి కొత్త కోణంలో ఆలోచించి నిర్ణయం తీస్కో)
b) Kiran: What has to be done to end corruption in India ? (భారత్లో అవినీతిని ఎలా అంతం చేయటం?)
Kesav: The whole problem demands our taking a fresh look at it.(ఆ సమస్యను మనం సమూలంగా కొత్త కోణం నుంచి ఆలోచించాలి)
Take, 'a second look' తో కూడా collocateఅవుతుంది.
Take a second look=Think again= పునరాలోచించడం
3) to drum up support = మద్దతు కూడగట్టడం, గట్టి ప్రయత్నంతో.
a) Lekhak: Though the leader is in jail, those joining his party are increasing day by day ( ఆ నాయకుడు జైల్లో ఉన్నప్పటికీ, అతని పార్టీలో చేరేవాళ్ళ సంఖ్య పెరిగిపోతోంది)
Lavanya: He doesn't lack people to drum up support for him. (అతనికి మద్దతు కూడగట్టేవాళ్ల సంఖ్యకు కొదవలేదు)
b) Mohan: Why is Ganesh so close to Nikhil? (గణేష్ని, నిఖిల్తో అంత సన్నిహితంగా ఎందుకుంటాడు?)
Manoj: Because whatever Ganesh does, Nikhil drums up support for him. (గణేష్ ఏం చేసినా నిఖిల్ దానికి మద్దతు కూడగడ్తాడు)
COLLOCATIONS - 14
COLLOCATIONS - 14
Collocations లో Rush to some one's help, Lend a helping hand / lend a hand, Thoroughly mistaken మొదలైన వ్యక్తీరణలూ, వాటి ప్రయోగాలూ తెలుసుకుందాం!Sourabha: Hi Narmada, your colleague seems to have lent a helping hand in clearing the files. How nice of him!
(మీ సహోద్యోగి files పూర్తి చేయడంలో సాయపడినట్లున్నాడు. ఎంత మంచివాడో!)
Narmada: you are thoroughly mistaken. My colleague helping me? The help that I get from him is precious little. Luck doesn't favour me that way.( నువ్వు పూర్తిగా పొరబడ్డావు. నా సహోద్యోగి నాకు సాయపడ్డమా? అతడి దగ్గర నుంచి నాకు సాయం చాలా తక్కువ నాకా అదృష్టం లేదు.)
Sourabha: I don't face that kind of situation in our office. My colleagues rush to my help if I need it, and so do I when they need my help.
(అలాంటి పరిస్థితి నాకు మా ఆఫీస్లో లేదు. నా సహోద్యోగులు అవసరమైనప్పుడు నన్నాదుకునేందుకు సిద్ధపడతారు, నేనూ అంతే వాళ్లకు నా సాయం కావాల్సినప్పుడు.)
Narmada: How I envy you! I have to be on my own whenever a plan has to be implemented in our company. Even in emergencies none comes to my rescue- days were when I could not finish my work before 9 in the evening.( నువ్వంటే నాకు ఎంత ఈర్ష్యగా ఉందో! మా company లో ఏ పథకమైనా ఆచరణలో పెట్టాలంటే నాకు నేనే చేసుకోవాలి. అత్యవసర పరిస్థితుల్లో కూడా నాకెవరూ సాయం చేయరు. రాత్రి 9 వరకూ పని పూర్తవని రోజులెన్నో.)
Sourabha: How could they be so uncooperative? Doesn't your boss do anything about it? (అంత సహాయం చేయకుండా ఎలా ఉంటారు వాళ్లు? మీ boss ఈ విషయంలో ఏం చేయలేరా?)
Narmada: All that he does is sympathise with me, and nothing else. He overlooks their faults as he is afraid of the union. They always have their grievances, and get them redressed, but there is none to attend to mine. I fight a lonely battle. I think I have to be put up with it till I get a transfer. Till then I think I have face the challenge.(ఆయన చేయగల్గిందల్లా నాకు సానుభూతి చూపడమే. యూనియన్ అంటే ఆయనకు భయం కాబట్టి వాళ్ళ తప్పులు ఆయన పట్టించుకోడు. వాళ్ల బాధలు వాళ్ళకెప్పుడూ ఉంటాయి. వాటిని వాళ్లు నివారింపజేసుకుంటారు. నా బాధలే పట్టించుకునే వాళ్లులేరు. బదిలీ వచ్చేదాక నేనీ బాధలు పడాల్సిందే. ఈ సవాలు నేనెదుర్కోవాల్సిందే.)
Look at the following expressions from the conversation above:
1) Lend a hand/ a helping hand = చేయూత ఇవ్వడం/ సాయపడటం
a) Santosh: I just can't find words to thank you enough. You have been great help really.
(నీకు తగినంత ధన్యవాదాలు తెలిపేందుకు నాకు మాటలు రావట్లేదు. నిజంగా ఎంతో సాయపడ్డావు.)
Pramod: Oh, not at all. It's my pleasure. Always willing to lend a hand
(అంతేం లేదులెండి. నా సంతోషంకోసం చేశా. సాయపడేందుకెప్పుడూ సిద్ధమే)
b) Yasas: Could you lend (me) a hand with this maths problem?
(ఈ లెక్క చేయడంలో నీకు సాయపడనా?)
Keerthi: That'd (That would) be a pleasure. Let me see.
(సంతోషంగా. ఏదీ చూడనీ)
2) Thoroughly mistaken
To be mistaken = To have a wrong idea = పొరపడటం.
Thoroughly = completely = పూర్తిగా.
Mistaken ఎప్పుడూ thoroughlyతో collocate అవుతుంది.
a) Lasith: I think with the passing of Anna's Lokpal Bill, corruption will end in India.
(అన్నా హజారే ప్రతిపాదించిన లోక్పాల్ బిల్లు ఆమోదిస్తే అవినీతి అంతమైపోతుందనుకుంటా.)
Kashyap: You are thoroughly mistaken. Only, cases of corruption will come to light early.
(నువ్వు పూర్తిగా పొరబడ్డావు. అదేం జరగదు. అయితే అవినీతి వ్యవహారాలు త్వరగా బయటపడతాయి.)
b) I was thoroughly mistaken in my opinion of him = అతడిని గురించి అభిప్రాయంలో నేను పూర్తిగా పొరబడ్డాను. (thorough - ఇంకో అర్థం - క్షుణ్ణంగా)
Examine, search, prepare - వీటితో కూడా 'thorough/ thoroughly' వాడతాం.
a) The doctor examined the patient thoroughly = డాక్టరు రోగిని క్షుణ్ణంగా పరీక్షించాడు.
b) The police allowed people to enter the station only after a thorough search/ after searching the place thoroughly.
(పోలీసులు ఆ ప్రదేశాన్ని క్షుణ్ణంగా పరిశీలించాకే, ప్రజలను అనుమతించారు.)
c) He took the exam after thorough preparation = పూర్తి సంసిద్ధతతోనే అతడు పరీక్ష రాశాడు.
d) He is thorough with the subject and can answer any question = అతడికి విషయం క్షుణ్ణంగా తెలుసు. ఏ ప్రశ్నకైనా సమాధానం చెప్పగలడు.
3) Rush to some one's help = ఒకరికి సహాయం వేగంగా అందించడం.
a) Harish: What's all this noice about?
(ఏంటీ గొడవంతా?)
Aparna: A bus has caught fire and people are rushing to help the victims
(బస్ తగలబడి పోతోంది. బాధితులకు సాయం అందించేందుకు జనం పరుగెత్తుతున్నారు.)
b) The authorities are rushing food supplies to the flood victims.
(వరద బాధితులకు అధికారులు ఆహారాన్ని వేగంగా అందిస్తున్నారు.)
4) Implement = Put into action = ఆచరణలో పెట్టడం/ అమలు పరచడం = execute.
a) Somu: It certainly is a well thought of plan.
(అది మంచి ఆలోచనతో చేసిన ప్రణాళిక.)
Ramu: The plans are all well thought of, but who implements them?
(అన్ని ప్రణాళికలూ ఆలోచనతో కూడుకున్నవే. కానీ వాటిని అమలు పర్చేదెవరూ?)
b) Plans are easy to make but difficult to implement = ప్రణాళికలు చేయడం సులభమే, కాని వాటిని ఆచరణలో పెట్టడమే కష్టం.
Look at some more collocations here:
Make a plan; A well thought of plan.
5) Go to/ come to someone's rescue = ఆపద నుంచి కాపాడటం/ ఆదుకోవడం.
a) Madan: He is so poor. How is he able to do such an expensive course?
(అతను బీదవాడు కదా! అంత ఖరీదైన చదువు ఎలా చదవగలుగుతున్నాడు?)
Mohan: He was about to give up his studies, but his wealthy uncle came to his rescue.
(చదువు దాదాపు ఆపేశాడతడు. ఇంతలో బాగా డబ్బున్న వాళ్ల మామయ్య అతన్ని ఆదుకున్నాడు.)
b) Remember how Srikrishna went to the rescue of Draupadi?
(శ్రీకృష్ణుడు ద్రౌపదిని ఎలా ఆదుకున్నదీ గుర్తుంది కదా!)
c) Sumanth: I am ready to buy the car at any cost.
(ఎంత ధరైనా ఆ car కొనేందుకు నేను సిద్ధం.)
Hemanth: Don't be foolish. If you squander money like this, nobody will come to your rescue.
(పిచ్చి పనులు చేయకు. ఇలా డబ్బు పారేసుకుంటే నిన్ను ఆదుకునే వాళ్లెవరూ ఉండరు.)
COLLOCATIONS - 13
COLLOCATIONS - 13
Sumanth: I heaved a sigh of relief when I heard the news that Vibhav is out of danger.(వైభవ్ ప్రమాదం నుంచి బయటపడ్డాడన్నమాట వినగానే 'హమ్మయ్యా అనుకున్నాను.)
Vikranth: What are you talking about? I'm unable to make head or tail of what you are talking.
(దేన్ని గురించి మాట్లాడుతున్నావు నువ్వు? నువ్వు మాట్లాడుతున్నదేంటో నాకు తలా తోకా తెలీడం లేదు.)
Sumanth: Don't you know? Vibhav was run over by a truckyesterday morning. I got the call when I was about to start foroffice. We rushed him to hospital. With multiple injuries, he was bleeding profusely through the nose and the mouth.(తెలీదా నీకు? నిన్న వైభవ్ లారీ కింద పడ్డాడు. ఆఫీసుకు బయల్దేరబోతుండగా పిలుపు వచ్చింది నాకు. హుటాహుటిన ఆస్పత్రికి తీసుకెళ్లాం. చాలా చోట్ల గాయాలతో అతని ముక్కు, నోటి నుంచి బాగా రక్తస్రావం అయ్యింది.)
Vikranth: Wait. So he is OK now. Why wasn't I informed?
(ఉండూ. ఇప్పుడు కులాసానే కదా. నాకెవరూ చెప్పలేదేం?)
Sumanth: We were in no position to think of anything. For my part, to tell you frankly, I didn't have a ray of hope of his survival. Only this morning did the doctor declare him out of danger.
(అప్పుడు ఏ విషయమూ ఆలోచించే పరిస్థితిలో లేం. నా విషయానికొస్తే నిజం చెప్పాలంటే అతడు బతుకుతాడనే ఆశ నాకేం కనపడలేదు. ఉదయాన్నే డాక్టరు అతను ప్రమాదం నుంచి బయటపడ్డాడని తెలిపాడు.)
Vikranth: So God is on our side and he is on his way to recovery. I must rush to the hospital to see him. He is quite cautious while crossing roads, isn't he?
(అంటే దేవుడు మన పక్షాన ఉన్నాడన్నమాట. అతను కోలుకుంటున్నాడు. వెంటనే ఆస్పత్రికెళ్లి అతడిని చూడాలి. రోడ్డు దాటేప్పుడు జాగ్రత్తగానే ఉంటాడు కదా?)
Sumanth: He is, but yesterday he walked out of home in a fit of anger at his son over something, and was off his guard. Thatcaused the trouble.
(అవును. కానీ నిన్న వాళ్లబ్బాయి మీద కోపావేశంలో నడుస్తూ కాస్త అజాగ్రత్తగా ఉన్నాడు.)
Vikranth: Let me go to the hospital first and see him. Bye.
(ఆస్పత్రికెళ్లి నేను చూసొస్తాను. వస్తా.)
Notes:
1. Run over by a truck= లారీ కింద మనిషి పడటం.
2. multiple injuries = చాలా గాయాలు
3. bleeding = రక్తం కారడం
4. for my part = నామట్టుకు నాకు, నా విషయానికొస్తే
5. frankly = ఉన్నదున్నట్టు చెప్పడం.
Look at the following expressions from the conversation above:
1) Heave a sigh of relief/ Breathe a sigh of relief/ a sigh of relief:
i) Relief = హాయి అనిపించడం - The happiness we feel when a bad thing ends/ a bad thing doesn't happen = మనం అనుభవిస్తున్న ఇబ్బంది తొలగిపోయినప్పుడు, మనం భయపడ్డ ఇబ్బంది జరగనప్పుడు, మనకు కలిగే హాయి. మంచి ఎండలోంచి నీడలోకి వచ్చినప్పుడు/ AC room లో ఉన్నప్పుడు కలిగే హాయి relief. 'హమ్మయ్య అని ఊపిరి పీల్చుకోవడం - relief. పెద్దబరువు మననెత్తి నుంచి దిగిపోయినప్పుడు కలిగే ఊరట - relief.
అలాంటి relief కలిగినప్పుడు, మనం 'హమ్మయ్య' అని ఊపిరి పీల్చుకోవడం - Breathe a sigh of relief (sigh = నిట్టూర్పు )- we sigh in sorrow, we sigh in relief too = నిరాశలోనూ నిట్టూర్పు విడుస్తాం. కష్టం నుంచి బయట పడ్డప్పుడూ ఊపిరి పీల్చుకుని నిట్టూర్పు విడుస్తాం.
Heave a sigh/ Breathe a sigh of relief = హాయిగా ఊపిరి పీల్చుకోడం.
a) Pradhan: You look relaxed, what could be the reason?
(చాలా విశ్రాంతిగా కనిపిస్తున్నావు. కారణం ఏమై ఉండొచ్చు?)
Vardhan: The exams are over. Reason to heave a sigh/ breathe a sigh of relief.
(పరీక్షలయిపోయాయి. 'హమ్మయ్య' అని ఊపిరి పీల్చుకోవడానికి సరైన కారణమే కదా?)
b) Sundar: You need not pay any more. Your dues are cleared.
(నువ్వింకేం చెల్లించక్కర్లేదు. నువ్వు తీర్చాల్సిన అప్పు తీరిపోయింది.)
Jayaram: Oh...! What a relief! (ఎంత హాయిగా ఉందో- ఇలా అనుకోవడం. heaving/breathing a sigh of relief).
Collocation point:
Relief - ఇబ్బంది నుంచి బయటపడటం.
A sigh of relief = అలా ఇబ్బంది నుంచి బయట పడ్డప్పుడు మనం హాయిగా ఊపిరి పీల్చుకోవడం = Heave/ breathe a sigh of relief.
When a person is declared out of danger, the relatives heave/ breathe a sigh of relief = ఎవరికైనా ప్రమాదం తప్పింది అన్నప్పుడు వాళ్ల దగ్గర చుట్టాలు ఊపిరి పీల్చుకుంటారు.
Reliefకు ఇంకా చాలా అర్థాలున్నాయి.
2) Make head or tail of something- తలాతోకా అర్థం చేసుకోలేకపోవడం.
a) Nitish: What did David tell you? (డేవిడ్ ఏం చెప్పాడు నీతో?)
Krishna: If I could explain it to you, I can explain anything. I just couldn't make head or tail of what he had said.
(అది నేను వివరించగలిగితే ఏదైనా వివరించగలను. వాడు చెప్పింది నాకు తలాతోకా అర్థం కాలేదు.)
3) Bleed profusely: Bleed = రక్తం కారడం, ముఖ్యంగా గాయాల నుంచి. 'Profuse bleeding' అంటే బాగా రక్తం కారడం. ఎప్పుడూ bleeding profuse తో collocate అవుతుంది. Profuse bleeding చాలా ఎక్కువగా వాడతారు Englishలో
a) Chandan: What's (What has) happened to your finger? It's plastered.
(ఏమైంది నీ వేలికి? ప్లాస్టర్ వేశావు?)
Abdul: I cut my finger yesterday while slicing an apple. Oh my! It began to bleed profusely
(ఆపిల్పండు కోస్తుంటే వేలు తెగింది. అబ్బో! ఒకటే రక్తం కారడం మొదలెట్టింది.)
b) Madan: Was it a severe injury that Sumanth had?
(సుమంత్కయిన గాయం చాల తీవ్రమైందేనా?)
Venkat: In addition to the fracture, there were bruises too, from which there was profuse bleeding.
(చాలా గాయాలతో పాటు చాలాచోట్ల డొక్కుపోయింది. వాటి నుంచి ధారాళంగా రక్తస్రావమైంది.)
Profuse ను, apologize (అపలజైజ్ = క్షమాపణ చెప్పడం) apologies (క్షమాపణలు)తో కూడా కలిపి వాడ్తాం.
a) He apologized profusely for his wrong doings = తను చేసిన తప్పిదాలకు అతడు ఉదారంగా క్షమాపణ చెప్పాడు.
b) Our profuse apologies to you for the inconvenience = మీకు కలిగిన అసౌకర్యానికి మేమెంతో చింతిస్తున్నాం. మా క్షమాపణలు.
4) A ray of hope : ఆశారేఖ- ఏదో మంచి జరుగుతుందన్న చిన్న ఆశ.
a) Bhaskar: How corrupt our nation is! Will India be ever free from corruption?
(మన జాతి ఎంత అవినీతిగా ఉంది! భారత్ ఎప్పటికైనా ఈ అవినీతి నుంచి బయట పడుతుందా?)
Ganesh: There is still a ray of hope with the initiative the courts and the CBI are taking.
(ఏదో ఆశారేఖ ఇంకా వెలుగుతోంది - కోర్టులు, CBI వాళ్లు తీసుకుంటున్న చొరవ వల్ల)
b) Rahim: The doctor's words have given us all a ray of hope of his survival.
(డాక్టర్ మాటలు మాలో ఒక ఆశాకిరణాన్ని కలిపించాయి.)
5) A fit of anger - కోపావేశంలో. కోపం కలిగించే ఆవేశాన్ని 'fit' అంటాం. (మామూలుగా fitకు అర్థం తెలుసుకదా - మూర్ఛ వచ్చి వణుకుతూ పడిపోవడం) అలాగే, వణికిపోతున్న కోపాన్ని 'fit of anger' అంటాం. A sigh of, relief తో collocate అయినట్లే, A fit of, anger, rage (తీవ్రమయిన కోపం)తో collocate అవుతుంది.
a) In a fit of anger he threw the chair at the boy = కోపావేశంలో ఆ కుర్రాడి మీదికి, ఆయన కుర్చీ విసిరాడు.
b) Madan: Where are you going?
(ఎక్కడికి వెళ్తున్నావు?)
Naresh: You told me to get out
(నన్ను వెళ్లిపొమ్మన్నావు.)
Madan: I said it in a fit of anger. Don't take it seriously. Stay on.
(ఏదో కోపావేశంలో అన్నాను. పట్టించుకోకు. ఉండు)
అలాగా fit of laughter - (పగలబడి నవ్వడం)/Burst into a fit oflaughter - ఉన్నట్టుండి పగలబడి నవ్వడం.
On hearing the joke he burst into a fit of laughter = జోక్ వినగానే అతడు పగలబడి నవ్వాడు.
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